Thesis that dicusses immigrant life in the United States in the time Essay

Thesis that dicusses immigrant life in the United States in the time period spanning US History between the end of the Civil War - Essay Example Other misfortunes befall the family – including sexual abuse by a predatory employer, prostitution, imprisonment, embezzlement, exposure to criminal elements until Jurgis becomes a criminal himself, alcoholism, political opportunism. Jurgis finds himself from being a loving husband and father, to a grief-ravaged and embittered man, to an exploited worker, to an unfairly imprisoned convict, to a hardened criminal, to an alcoholic, to a union member, to a vagabond, and finally to a socialist who believes that if people heed the call of social...ism, â€Å"Chicago will be ours†. The most famous misfortune and the one oft-discussed is his experiences in the meatpacking plant, which was fraught with dangers and labor rights violations. The description of the meatpacking plant and its sorry conditions were very graphic and shed light on the plight of the workers whose rights were routinely and wantonly violated. There are two themes running within the text: the American dream and how it has failed scores of immigrants who come to the United States, and second, the evils of Capitalism. The failure or the hollowness of the American dream is apparent from the very start of the text, with the festive but overly-expensive wedding celebration being used as a metaphor to describe a dream that is ornate in appearance but is, upon closer look, empty and will only bring more problems in the future, such as debt. The Lithuanian family initially entered America brimming with hope and promise, believing that America will be their salvation from poverty. The series of unfortunate events and tragedies that befell them have proved this belief to be wrong. The other theme is the indictment of capitalism and it is apparent in the way that the author Sinclair describes how the workers are being abused and how their rights are

High School and Social Support Essay Example for Free

High School and Social Support Essay The purpose of the study was to determine possible differences in leadership behaviors, using the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS), between male and female coaches and among different coaching levels. The researchers submitted two hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that male and female coaches would respond differently to the RLSS in overall leadership behaviors. The second hypothesis was that differences on the RLSS would occur among coaching levels: junior high, high school, and college. The sample was nonrandom, including 162 coaches that were chosen on a volunteer  basis. Within the sample, 118 (0. 73) of the coaches were male, while 44 (0. 27) were female. With regard to coaching level, 25 (0. 15) were junior high coaches, 99 (0. 61) high school, and 38 (0. 24) at the college level. While this is a good sample size, the problem lies with the distribution of the sample. The sample number for junior high coaches, in particular, is rather low. A larger sample with regard to all categories would have aided in the data analysis, particularly when looking for possible interactions between gender and coaching level. The instrument utilized was the Revised Leadership for Sport Scale (RLSS) developed by Zhang, Jensen, and Mann in 1996. This scale is used to measure six leadership behaviors: training and instruction, democratic, autocratic, social support, positive feedback, and situational consideration. The scale uses 60 statements, which were preceded by â€Å"In coaching, I:† A Likert scale was then given for each statement: 1 = never; 2 = seldom; 3 = occasionally; 4 = often; and 5 = always. This produced an ordinal level data set. Scales were administered in a number of environmental settings: classrooms, gymnasiums, practice  fields, and offices. The internal consistency for each section was calculated: 0. 84 for training and instruction; 0. 66 for democratic; 0. 70 for autocratic; 0. 52 for social support; 0. 78 for positive feedback; and 0. 69 for situational consideration. There was no information, however, regarding the validity of the RLSS. A MANOVA was used to analyze the data for differences between male and female coaches with regard to leadership behaviors. This is not consistent with the type of data collected. The RLSS used a Likert scale (ordinal), yet a MANOVA would be most  applicable for normally distributed, quantitative data. The analysis showed there were no significant differences between male and female coaches in overall leadership behaviors. When the six leadership styles were examined separately, there was a significant difference in social support between males and females. In general, females scored much higher than did the male coaches. A MANOVA was also used to examine the data for differences between the three levels of coaching (junior high, high school, and college) with regard to leadership behavior in general. There were significant differences between the three levels. When breaking down the six behaviors and examining them individually, an ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Again, because the data for the RLSS is ordinal, an ANOVA is not the best analysis tool. The three coaching levels scored differently on three of the six behaviors: democratic behaviors, training and instruction, and social support. High school coaches scored much higher than college level coaches in democratic behavior. Junior high coaches were significantly lower in training and instruction than either high school or college coaches. Junior high coaches also demonstrated a lesser degree of social support than either the high school or college coaches. A MANOVA was again used to analyze the data for any interaction between gender and coaching level with regard to overall leadership behavior. Once again, a better analysis method could have been chosen based on the nature of the data collected. The results indicated no significant interactions. The ecological generaliziability for the study is fairly high. The surveys were mailed out, and returned on a volunteer basis. However, due to the nonrandom nature of the sample, the results would not generalizable beyond the 162 participants in the study. There was no effect size is listed for the study. In order to reduce threats to internal validity, the participants were asked to respond honestly and confidentiality was stressed so that the â€Å"coaches might feel more at ease in responding. † No other efforts were indicated. The researchers mention that the scales were given in a variety of settings. This could present a threat to the internal validity in that participants might not have been entirely focused on completing the scale, but instead on coordinating practice, completing  paperwork, etc. There are a number of other factors that could effect the internal validity of the study, yet were not addressed by the researchers. Coaching experience would greatly effect the responses of the participants, yet this was not considered in the study. The gender of the athletes may be a contributing factor to the coaches’ responses. It is not unreasonable to suppose that coaches of female athletes, particularly at the junior high and high school levels, will demonstrate more social support than those of male athletes. The nature of the  sport could also be critical. Certain coaching styles are more applicable for individual sports (wrestling, track, and tennis) than for team sports (football, soccer, and basketball). The socioeconomics and population of the school itself could play a factor. Certain schools have better athletes and programs in a particular sport, while others may not be able to field a winning team. In addition, at the high school level, coaches are occasionally asked/forced to work with a program they have no knowledge of or desire to coach due to staffing  shortages. This could dramatically influence a coach’s response to the scale questions. The history of the program as well as the individual coach’s personal coaching history could greatly influence responses. If the program has had several losing seasons in a row, perhaps the attitude of the coach could be different than that of a coach who has recently won a state title. An additional set of questions regarding the personal history of the coach in question could have helped reduce many of these threats. With additional information, the  researchers may have been able to use a modified matching system when analyzing the results. By increasing the number of independent variables to include things such as coaching experience and gender of the athletes, the researchers could have reduced some of the potential threats to internal validity. In addition, bringing coaches together to a common setting could have reduced location threat. Coaches meet seasonally for clinics. Perhaps obtaining permission to administer the survey during these meetings would have been possible. It would have also been possible to actually go to individual  schools and meet with the coaches as a group to administer surveys. This method would have given a good cross-section of gender and coaching experience for a variety of sports. While the study has merit, the methods need to be re-evaluated. The power of the study needs to be increased by obtaining a larger sample size. The numerous potential threats to internal validity need to be addressed and minimized where possible. It would also be helpful to be given data regarding the validity of the RLSS. Without these, it is impossible to evaluate the potential meaningfulness of this study.

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco The aim of this study is to present the management and leadership styles in Tesco in making strategic decisions for the growth of the organisation. However, interviewing one of the mangers at Tesco also helped in gathering information needed to carry out this research. 1.1.1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Strategic Management is a process whereby the management comes up with strategic ideas and make effective decisions for a goal and plans on how to achieve such goals and objectives for the future of the organisation. Strategic Management consist of the decisions and actions used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organisation and its environment, to enable it achieve organisational objectives, Tim Hannagan (2002). 1.1.2 LEADERSHIP Leadership is the bringing together of a group of people and directing them to achieve a common goal. According to James B. Rieley (2006), leadership is all about creating environments in which your company employees can realise their individual and collective potential. There are three main types of leadership namely: the authoritarian leadership which is also known as the dictatorship and this type orders its followers to do various task, democratic leadership allows the group share in decision making and the last one laissez faire leadership a French word which means do it as you like. 1.1.3 THE LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Strategic management focuses on making strategic decisions and leadership implements the decisions that have been made by the management through effective communication to the employees. Leadership engage in evaluation of staff performance for efficiency, they supervise and allocate assignments to their employees and also motivate and reward good performance through recognition leadership by example so that they produce quality work. The strategic management form the mission, values and policies of the organisation. They are the strategic thinkers and strategic decision makers and under them they appoint the CEOs, MDs, President Etc. to run the organisation. These people are considered the key people in strategic management and most responsible for the growth of the company. Success in business stems from good quality management first of all and then the effectiveness in implementation which depends on the skills of leadership, influencing, communication and motivation, John Adair ( 2008). 1.2 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN TESCO One of the most popular theories of leadership is the transformational leadership and it means that the leader has vision and passion to achieve great things. 1.2.1 VISION AND MISSION Terry Leah emerged as the C.E.O of the Tesco company in 1997 and he is considered to be a visionary leader that changed the structure of the organisation, Tesco (2010).The company became more focused at achieving its aim on providing quality goods and services to its customers and to develop the companys workforce by identifying the performances of the employees and training them to be a leader. The vision and mission plays an important role in an organisation. The aim of Tesco is to continue to lead in the retail market across the globe and by focusing on this it sets long term objectives and makes strategic decisions on how to achieve its goals with the help of effective leaders. The mission of Tesco on the other hand, is to continue to provide to its internal and external customers by doing the little things that matter thus their mission statement Every little helps. However, it is the responsibility of the managers of each store to lead and motivate the team in order to deliver Tescos promise to its customers. The management believes that the success of a leader depends on maintaining a happy workforce in the organisation by giving a work that is interesting to do, a chance for the employee to move on in life, a manager who will help the employees by identifying their performances and to respect them, Tesco (2010). The well-established strategy for growth has made Tesco gain more advantage over its competitors and made them highly productive and profitable. Furthermore, Tesco values its employees by offering them competitive pay and opportunity to develop a long- term career with good training which keeps the people committed and excited in working in the organisation. They give a performance review by identifying the problems and giving support directing the employees to meet their goals. Tesco takes its employees very important in the organisation as they all work together to support the development of the organisation. They also are determined to look after their employees in a way they are expected to deliver to the customers. Tesco also established an academy which is named Tesco Academy to help groom its employees into becoming future leaders by training them to develop leadership, management and technical skills. 1.2.2 DEMOCRATIC STYLE OF LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING TESCO The management of Tesco adapted a democratic style of leadership which is also known as the participant leadership whereby the employees voices are heard during decision making. The leadership of Tesco motivates the employees and due to this, the organisation continues to provide good services to their customers. It should be noted that the management gives emphasis on the importance of appointing leaders in each department to handle organisational process. The management appoints leadership roles to individuals in the organisation so that everyone is clear about their responsibilities, to implement the strategic decisions through effective communication by having meetings and doing a follow up on the staffs to ensure that they are not drifting away from providing quality services and to ensure that the company operates effectively. The leadership style that is adapted by the management is imitated by the team leaders of each department that are appointed by the managers, which has c hanged the structure of the organisation. E.g. the duty managers in each store lead the employees making decision every day that supports the operation of the store, the duty managers are experts in duty management and they ensure that all team leaders are fully trained, validated and participative. The managers of each store carry out daily and weekly audits to identify and resolve issues in the organisation and also perform operational routine which involves the process to deliver great store standard, better availabilities and great service for customers. As the management style of Tesco is democratic therefore their way of operating is decentralised and information is passed from the higher management to the lower employees and everyone is free to speak and allowed to initiate and contribute effective ideas for the growth of the organisation. The Tesco management empower their employees and they are considered an important asset to the organisation. Tesco motivates employees by giving them rewards and benefits like offering a whole package of other ways to make more money, safeguard their future and look after their health by providing paid holiday, a staff discount card which is issued after one year service and an award winning pension scheme. To improve the management process in Tesco, the leadership style of Tesco also operates a customer management whereby they listen to their customers voice for a better service in the organisation. Tesco is customer oriented and they try to always keep up with their customers by satisfying them and producing what they need. 1.3 ADAPTION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AT TESCO IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS Tesco has been able to adapt the democratic style of leadership because of the flat structure that enables every staff to be a part of the success of the organisation. The management and leadership style in Tesco has shown its effectiveness in supporting the organisation to continue to grow. At Tesco they are committed to helping their staffs find the best job, hours and support to suit their needs. Whether it is religious requirements, support for illness or disability or for any other reasons the management understands and tries to be flexible in order to carry the employees along in any strategic change. High performance management is an important factor in Tesco, everyone has a role to play and each role is aimed at making sure the best is done for every customer. However, the strategies of Tesco has given them an edge over their competitors and even made them grow well through the economic recession. Therefore, in order for Tesco to focus and keep up with continuous growth the managers use other types of leadership styles like the autocratic style just to ensure that the employees carry out the task at a given time. 1.3.1 CONCLUSION From my research, the success of Tesco shows that the culture, structure and management style of the organisation is flexible, flat and power is decentralised, everyone has the right to speak and the voices of the employees are heard. Focusing on their long term strategies has helped them to continue to grow stronger for the future. However, the democratic style of leadership in Tesco has made the organisation continue to lead in the retail market.

Johannes Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press Essay

Johannes Gutenberg and the Invention of the Printing Press Between the 13th and 16th centuries we can see the rise of a print-dominated society; a society which moved away from the Church's monopoly of information that existed until that time. There were many social, economic and political changes. It was not because of the printing press that those changes were brought about, but perhaps they could have not happened so fast without the print. Johann Gutenberg managed to bring together technologies known for centuries before him, adding the idea for movable metal type. This led to the mass production of books, being them more available to the general public. The invention of the printing press helped ideas spread quickly making things easier for the reform of the Church and the development of modern sciences. INDEX Introduction ...................................................................... 5 The life of Johannes Gutenberg .............................................. 7 The development of print technology .................................... 8 The invention .................................................................... 9 The printing press and the Church .................................................... 11 Gutenberg's Bible ............................................................. 12 The print and the developing of culture.................................. 13 Final comment ................................................................. 16 Bibliography .................................................................... 17 Introduction "Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French and stands for the cultural, intellectual and economic changes that occu... ...14. (Frank Granger, Gutenberg--The Most Important Man of the Millennium <a href="http://teched.edtl.vt.edu/gcc/HTML/PrintingsPast/GutenbergBible.html">http://teched.edtl.vt.edu/gcc/HTML/PrintingsPast/GutenbergBible.html</a>), downloaded in September 2014. <a href="http://www.gutenbergdigital.de/,">http://www.gutenbergdigital.de/,</a> downloaded in September 2014. http:/www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/story039, downloaded in September 2014. http:/www.inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blJohannesGutenberg, downloaded in September 2014. http:/www.historyguide.org/intellect/press, downloaded in September 2014. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568362730/ref%3Ded%5Foe%5Fh/102-5739894-2995348,">http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568362730/ref%3Ded%5Foe%5Fh/102-5739894-2995348,</a> downloaded in October 2014.

The Post-War World Has Been Shaped Primarily

1. The post-war world has been shaped primarily by a clash between Communism and Capitalism OR The post-war world has been shaped primarily by a clash between Nationalism and Imperialism Choose one of these assertions and develop an argument for it. With regards to the assignment question, I will certainly be in agreement with the argument the clash between imperialism and nationalism had shaped the post-war world more prominently as compared to the idea of communism and capitalism constituted to the molding of the past decades.Very simply, studies showed that even till this age of globalization, the notion of imperialism and nationalism are still floating among us, with a modern twist, that is (Tomlinson, 1991). We first have to ask the question, what sparked off nationalism? The answer by most scholars would most probably be the oppression of great powers during the time of imperialism. What then, defines imperialism and how did it came about? According to O’ Brian (2007), i mperialism is the practice of any one state to influence or conquer another with the intention to expand its wealth, power and control over dominions or self-governing colonies.After the end of World War Two, with the declination of powers among the former colonizers across the globe, the industrializing countries like Britain and France were increasingly gaining possession of many colonies (Best, et al. , 20008). It is through colonialism that the imperial powers executed what we call as imperialism where in its best sense, is the ‘natural overflow of nationality’; its test is the power of the colonist to transplant the civilization they represent to the new natural and social environment in which the colonists find themselves.And in which of course, lying beneath is a negative connotation that is often associated with a loss of identity and belonging (Hobson, 2007). The post-war world as according to Rajan and Sauer (2004) was significantly changed by the settling of foreign authority onto lands that previously had not been under any control. The intrusion of political and economic rights and cultural imperialism to mention a few had taken place and in fact, had subsequently prompted radical, socialist and even nationalist movement.To be able to gain control over a country, military force is not necessary at times (Hobsbawn, 1990). The British had illustrated a perfect scenario where apart from military control; they had also planted seeds of ‘the British way of life’ indirectly by Anglicizing basically anything from street names to the lingua franca of a local community (Moore & Johnson, 2004), like what happened in Ireland and the Malayan Peninsula where English was once to be used as the spoken and official language for all formal documents in the bureaucracy (Othman, 1990). This formed the basis for cultural imperialism.Tomlinson (1991) mentioned that cultural factors are instrumental in maintaining political-economic dominance. Hence, he defined cultural imperialism as â€Å"the process of imperialist is aided and abetted by importing supportive forms of culture† (p. 3). This issue has been so central that even Irish poet Seamus Heaney, a renowned Irish Nobel Prize winner and nationalist emphasized a great deal on cultural identities in his works, in relation to the colonization of Ireland and the intrusion of the British that seemed to wipe out the local culture by Anglicizing the names of placed in Ireland, killing those who disobeyed. I am the tall kingdom over your shoulder That you could not cajole not ignore. Conquest is a lie. ’ (Act of Union 1. 9, 74) Similarly, Brian Friel, who is another famous Irish playwright in his play Translations also highlights the loss of cultural identity after the Irish language has been literally translated into English and what is left with the locals were fragments of memories and left as victims of imperialism (Friel, 2002). What has been a quest for most colonized countries was an ‘oppression-free’ nation.Repression of minority rights is often the first restriction on emerging ethnic national groups which includes outlawing native language, discouraging trade, and even relocating minority groups like the how the British imposed a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy that eventually separated three different ethnic groups to their ‘specialty’ in labor to yield the best outcome of profit for the British (Goodwin, 2001). With the increase awareness that these powers were slowly taking over bits and pieces of what originally belonged to them and the need to come together as one, the idea of nationalism seeped in.During this time, the struggle towards nationalism, or establishment of political union on the basis of nationality ‘has been a dominant factor alike in dynastic movement and as an inner motive in the life of masses population’ so said Hobson (p. 1). To define nationalism is no e asy task either. What becomes a great matter of dispute is how these national borders should be drawn, i. e. what constitutes a nation. What Joseph Stalin described a nation as depicted by Whitaker (1960) is the ‘historically evolved, stable community of language, territory, economic life and psychological make-up manifested in a community of culture’ (p. ). The idea of nationalism is often connected to the French Revolution back in 1789. It has then emerged as a powerful force in the post-Cold War world. Perhaps the most dynamic changes have taken place in areas once dominated by the Soviet Union and maybe the British (Price). It is critical to know that nationalism has reemerged as a vital factor in restructuring the international political scene in the post-war world especially during the post-Cold War period after British has transformed itself into a Commonwealth.The dynamics of a bipolar nature of the dominance by the United States and the Soviet Union was not app reciated. Lesser powers cooperated in varying degrees with the ‘superpowers’ and a multi-polar and this restored a multi-polar world increasingly driven by contentious nationalist rivalries. This is supported by Milward (1992) that the world has witnessed the collapse of empire and the resurfacing of national components from within. The fragmentation of the Soviet Union into fifteen nations is one example.The nature of nationalism itself is neither good nor bad as compared to extreme capitalism, socialism and imperialism. The events behind the scenes are what give meaning to these notions. Hence, some authors did classified nationalism into ‘good’ and ‘bad’ nationalism. The ‘good’ type talks about how the nations strived to create and maintain their own nations to create a territorial boundary and something in common to be called as ‘one’ nation. It is similar to patriotism, but nationalism goes beyond the affection to wards a country which sometimes lead to the ‘bad’ side of nationalism.The â€Å"bad† kind of nationalism pitted one own’s â€Å"superior† nation or race against all others in a struggle for survival of the fittest, in other words, the hatred and despise towards other nations started to manifest in the process of acquiring strength and unity. It is this kind of nationalism that gave nationalism its bad name in Europe through the actions of men like Adolf Hitler and Slobodan Milosevic in the 20th century (Moliss, 2002). One important element of the Holocaust was that the Nazi genocidal machine was aimed not only at the destruction of the European Jewish Community, but also at the Jewish seed itself.The mass murder of the European Jews was a watershed event in human history (Gilbert, 1985). In the aftermath of World War II, the world — from individual nations to the United Nations; from religious leaders to professionals in fields as diverse as law, medicine, and science; from presidents and prime ministers to private citizens confronted its legacy (Signer, 2000). Many of the issues raised by this cataclysmic event continue to have an impact on our lives and the world in which we live.The Vietnam War of 1955 which took twenty years to end was considered to be one of the most brutal nationalist movements in world history with the victory of Vietnamese over the Americans (Willbanks, 2007). Yet this distorted view of the Vietnam veterans as victims as much as victimizers, if not as brave heroes, was not accompanied by new public policies. Although most veterans did succeed in making the transition to ordinary civilian life, many did not. More Vietnam veterans committed suicide after the war than had died in it.Even more perhaps three-quarters of a million became part of the lost army of the homeless. And the nearly 700,000 draftees, many of them poor, badly educated, and nonwhite, who had received less than honorable discharg es, depriving them of educational and medical benefits, found it especially difficult to get and keep jobs, to maintain family relationships, and to stay out of jail (Chambers, 1999). If these do not prove enough that the clash of imperialism and nationalism had altered the magnitude of the post war world, what would be the other causes then?The society of the post-war era was not concerned of what kind of social system that are benefitting to them in general. Rather, the primary issue was to fight for something in common the nation could relate to. The clash of communism and capitalism was not sufficient to demonstrate that the period had revolved around it as compared to the bloodshed and never-ending quest to fight for the independence of a nation. Try naming a successful communist country. Unfortunately, there are none.The disintegration of the Soviet Union is a solid proof that communism just does not work in the modern society and as for capitalism, the economic success of the States was at a price of other nations which have a large struggling population (Schalit, 2002). It is only within a state with well-to-do economics, capitalism shall prevail. Hence, this clash has certainly not changed the post-war world as much as imperialism and nationalism. Bibliograpghy Best, A. , Hanhimaki, J. M. , Maiolo, J. A. , & Schulze, K. E. (2008). International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Oxon: Routledge.Friel, B. (2002). Translations. Kent: Faber and Faber. Gilbert, M. (1985). The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Goodwin, J. (2001). No other way out: states and revolutionary movements, 1945-1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Heaney, S. (1990). New Selected Poems. Cornwell: Faber and Faber. Hobsbawn, E. J. (1990). Industries and Empires. London: Helicon Press. Hobson, J. A. (2005). Imperialism: A Study. New York: George Allen & Unwin LTD. Moliis, J. (2002). Nationa lism. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from http://moliis. rg/jani/nationalism. pdf Moore, B. L. , & Johnson, M. A. (2004). Neither led nor driven: contesting British cultural imperialism in Jamaica, 1865-1920. Kingston: University of West Indies Press. O'Brian, P. (2007). World History: An Illustrated Guide. London: Star Fire. Othman, W. (2004). The Monitoring and Management of Ethnic Relations in Malaysia. In R. F. Farnen, Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives (pp. 35-36). New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Price, G. W. (1995/1996). The Impact of Nationalism on Joint Force Planning. Joint Force Quarterly , 20-24.Rajan, B. , & Sauer, E. (2004). Imperialisms: Historical and Literary Investigations, 1500-1900. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Schalit, J. (2002). The anti-capitalism reader: imagining a geography of opposition. New York: Akashic Books. Sim, S. (1998). Spectres of Nostalgia: Post-Marxism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Tomlinso n, J. (1991). Cultural Imperialism. London: Continuum. Whitaker, U. (1960). Nationalism and International Progress. San Francisco: Howard Chandler. Willbanks, J. H. (2007). The Tet Offensive: A Concise History. New York: Columbia University Press.

Chartist Women essays

Chartist Women essays In the beginning of Anna Clarks essay, "Manhood, Womanhood, and the Politics of Class in Britain, 1790-1845," she describes to the reader how the British political system was set up before the Chartists were formed. The upper and middle-classes were the groups with the political authority and the working-class and peasants had nothing politically. The politicians of this time were all men and were looked down upon by the working-class men due to their namby-pamby homogeneous appearance. The working-class men styled themselves as "real men," hard working, strong men that knew their sexual identity, unlike, it seemed, those in political offices. With all of this manliness being flaunted everywhere, the women of this time were trying to find a niche in the political system along with these working-class men. Eventually both men and women of the working-class came together and were both in the Chartist movement together. Of course, at this time in history, it was looked down on for a woman to want to be in politics. The woman was supposed to stay in the home and nurture the children, not to meddle in the affairs of politics. Ms. Clark then tells of how the women get into politics because they believe that if politics was the reason why they could not get good food and decent shelter to take care of their families, then it was every womans right to be involved in politics. For a while, both Chartist men and women believed in these issues along with the normal political issues of the time, such as suffrage for all people. For one of the first times in history, some men actually supported the right for women suffrage. This was another goal of the Chartists and all women. (Not just the working class, but that wasnt discussed in this essay ,soIm not going to say anything about the Suffragettes in this paper.) After about ten years, the Chartists started to veer away from their grass-roots campa ...